Besides al the info you have been given..........We have planted our garden with lots of herbs that reduce flea infestations. we have lots of mint, tansy, wormwood, geranium family, lavenders, rosemary and all sorts of plants that are used in flea control. Our dogs especially lie about in the Tansy a lot and they always seem to walk through the lavender. they smell great. Now we seriously do not have any fleas on our dogs. And my friends do have flea problems. I cannot help with ticks as we do not have ticks here